Effects of Antioxidant and Cytokinin on Propagation of Monthong Durian In Vitro
Keywords:
Durian, Antioxidant, Cytokinin, EmbryoAbstract
Monthong durian is one of Thailand’s most economically important fruit crops and is widely grown in every region, particularly in southern Thailand where it is a traditional local crop. Currently, durian production is found to be a factor that causes the amount of durian production to be insufficient to meet demand. It is still caused by root rot and stem rot and long-horned beetle worms that penetrate durian stems. causing the death of many durian trees. One solution way is to use durable or resistant varieties as rootstock. Increasing the efficiency of Monthong durian tissue culture though plant tissue culture techniques is one option. The study examined the effects of antioxidants and cytokinin on shoot induction using seed embryo parts. The cultures were grown in MS solid medium with various types and concentrations of antioxidants: ascorbic acid (AS), citric acid (CA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L with Full (BA) at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/L. Results showed that durian embryos parts grown in medium containing 400 mg/L ascorbic acid combined with 3 and 5 mg/L BA gave a maximum survival rate of 50 percent. Total induction has been found in Embryo parts grown on MS medium were added with the antioxidant ascorbic acid at a concentration of 400 mg/L along with BA at a concentration of 1 mg/L. The maximum shoot induction was 13.33 percent, with the highest average number of shoots 0.4 shoots/piece and an average shoot length of 0.72 cm significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) with another treatment. Regarding the effect of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on shoot induction, induced shoots were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA and 10%coconut water with AgNO3 at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L. The control treatment (without AgNO3) showed the highest rate of shoot formation (10 percent), with an average of 0.67 shoots/explant and maximum shoot length of 0.47 cm. These differences were not statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. For root induction, IBA (indole-3-butyric acid. 3-indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid). was tested at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mg/L. The medium containing 2 mg/L IBA produced the highest root formation rate of 1.00%, with a maximum average number of roots at 1.67 roots/explant and maximum root length of 0.53 cm. There was a significant statistical difference at p ≤ 0.05.
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